In 2023, U.S. poison control centers reported an alarming surge in illnesses linked to inhaling fumes from nonstick cookware, often coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This condition is colloquially termed "Teflon flu," a nickname derived from the famous brand of nonstick pots and pans.
The condition has seen a dramatic spike in cases, rising to 267 reported incidents, the highest since the early 2000s, New York Post reported.
Nonstick cookware, known for its convenience in the kitchen, hides a potentially toxic secret when overheated. This becomes a health hazard primarily when these products are heated beyond the safe temperature threshold.
Polytetrafluoroethylene is part of a more prominent family of chemicals known as PFAS—per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances.
Dubbed "forever chemicals," PFAS are notorious for their long degradation periods, persisting in nature for centuries. When PTFE-coated pans are heated above 500 degrees Fahrenheit, they degrade and release hazardous vapors.
Zachary Hudson, Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of British Columbia, has simplified the understanding of these emissions. "It'll burn and release a very complex mix of oxidized, fluorinated substances. This is why they tell you: Don't heat your Teflon pan to a high temperature," he explains.
The toxicity of these fumes is significant, especially considering birds' heightened sensitivity to these emissions, prompting Teflon's manufacturers to recommend that birds be kept well away from kitchens where such cookware is used.
Those affected by Teflon flu can experience various flu-like symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, shortness of breath, and headaches.
These symptoms usually develop within 12 to 24 hours of exposure. The mimicking of common cold or flu symptoms often leads to misdiagnosis, potentially underreporting the problem's accurate scale.
Over the years, the average reporting of such cases had remained relatively low, with only about nine cases annually recorded between 2006 and 2012. However, the recent spike points to a growing awareness or increased misuse of such cookware.
Moreover, the risks of using nonstick cookware do not end with inhalation. A scratch on these surfaces can release up to 9,100 tiny plastic particles, showing potential for further chemical exposure.
Experts recommend never preheating empty nonstick pans to mitigate risks, as they can rapidly reach dangerous temperatures. Cooking should always include food, butter, or oil to help moderate the pan's temperature. Additionally, these pans should never be used for broiling or high-heat baking above 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
Kitchen ventilation is another crucial safety tip. "When cooking, it's advised to use an exhaust fan or open windows to improve air circulation and reduce smoke inhalation risks," says a health expert on household safety.
Furthermore, opting for wooden, silicone, or nylon utensils is advisable to prevent scratching the nonstick surface, thereby reducing the risk of releasing harmful particles into food.
Despite these concerns, some studies suggest that there shouldn't be a significant health risk under regular cooking conditions. Researchers in German research assert, "There is no risk to human health at normal application temperatures."
Additionally, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures the public that all substances used in food contact products undergo rigorous scientific review. A spokesperson clarified, "All substances used in 'food contact products' are subject to rigorous scientific review by FDA scientists."
Despite these reassurances, long-term exposure to PFAS through various sources, including contaminated water, food, products, or air, is linked to severe health issues, including kidney and testicular cancers.
As awareness of the potential dangers of overheating nonstick pans grows, consumers are urged to follow recommended guidelines for safe usage. Symptoms of Teflon flu mirror those of more common ailments, making vigilance key.
Ensuring cooking temperatures are controlled, and adequate kitchen ventilation might be necessary to prevent this avoidable health risk
